Clinical and Molecular Spectrum of Somatic Mosaicism in Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

Two cases of androgen insensitivity due to somatic mosaicism

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the androgen receptor (AR). The incidence of AIS is estimated to be 1 in 99,000. Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is characterized by a 46,XY karyotype with external genitalia that appear typically female and results from mutations that render the androgen receptor non-functional. Partial androgen i...

Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome in Three Sisters

Androgen insensitivity syndrome: somatic mosaicism of the androgen receptor in seven families and consequences for sex assignment and genetic counseling.

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is caused by numerous mutations of the androgen receptor (AR) gene. The phenotype may range from partial AIS (PAIS) with ambiguous genitalia to complete AIS (CAIS) with female genitalia. In 70% of the cases, AR mutations are transmitted in an X-linked recessive manner through the carrier mothers, but in 30%, the mutations arise de novo. When de novo mutatio...

Androgen insensitivity syndrome: clinical features and molecular defects.

The end-organ resistance to androgens has been designated as androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), an X-linked disorder caused by mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. It is generally accepted that defects in the AR gene prevent the normal development of both internal and external genital structures in 46,XY individuals, causing a variety of phenotypes ranging from male infertility to ...

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

The androgen insensitivity syndromes (AIS) fall within the generic category of 46,XY DSD (disorder of sex development) and present as phenotypes associated with complete or partial resistance to the action of androgens. Three categories are recognized: complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS), partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS), mild androgen insensitivity syndrome (MAIS). Th...